The Human Factors Analysis Crash of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 Essay Example For Students

The Human Factors Analysis: Crash of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 Essay The Human Factors Analysis: Clang of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701. The aircraft accident study and analysis, look into all processs and challenges affecting air power safety issues. From a human factor point of view, most air power accidents are attributed to human-machine mistakes. Integrating psychological scientific discipline and safer environments into a multidisciplinary attack improves the extenuation procedure. Underscoring the belongingss of human factors, influence, restrictions, and applications in air power industry could present new ways to extenuate human mistake. Correlating human factors in aircraft accidents evolved the ability to break the safety procedure in a work environment. We will write a custom essay on The Human Factors Analysis: Crash of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another term in human factors is the rule of work public presentation and situational consciousness. In both instances, they present a challenge to the air power industry. Work public presentation and deficiency of situational consciousness can be classified as knowing and unwilled mistake. Unintentional mistake is attributed to the bad cognitive judgement and action. Equally good as knowing mistake, which correspond to the misdemeanor of safety patterns and processs. To extenuate human mistake, critical stairss to advance safety patterns, procedures, and good determination devising is implemented. But, keeping the effectivity of a safety direction system, particularly aviation safety, proactive communicating and human interactions can forestall or pull off the figure of safety-related air power accidents and incidents. The function of human factors in air power encompasses a broad scope of proficient and mechanical failures. But, understanding the human mistake and its belongingss represents a challenge to the air power industry. Even now, to extenuate human factor in a on the job environment a important behavioural analysis can beef up the extenuation procedure. As a general attack, air power industry uses the subjects of cognitive scientific discipline to understand the logical thinking behind the human mistake. Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701: Events and Findingss. Human factors and the ergonomic undertaking analysis in air power constitute a great per centum of all major air power accidents. Depending on the accident fortunes, human mistake is identified as a conducive factor. It is critical that the research worker place the likely causes accident for a future safety mention. In add-on, the accident probe requires a thorough study that includes the primary findings, actions, and recommendation. Let analyze the â€Å"Crash of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701, Jefferson City, Missouri October 14, 2004. The flight was runing under the 14 Code of Federal Regulations ( CFR ) Part 91† ( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007, p. 1 ) . At 2215:06 Pinnacle Airlines flight 3701 crashed into a residential country of Jefferson City, Missouri. Both engines flamed out when the pilot induced an aerodynamic stall and were unable to re-start. The captain and first officer ( OF ) were killed in the clang. During the acclivity, the captain induced three offprint pitched up manoeuvres doing an increase on the pitch angle and a perpendicular burden. ( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007, pp. 12, parity. 1 ) The flight informations entering system ( FDR ) showed that the pilot engaged in inordinate pitch airplane-nose-down ( AND ) and airplane nose-up ( ANU ) manoeuvres. Between 2127:15 and 2127:17, the FDR information confirmed the automatic pilot was disengaged during the 2nd ANU manoeuvre at 15,000 pess. A few seconds subsequently and at 24,600 pess, the aircraft was on a degree flight place. A 3rd pitch-up manoeuvre was followed after the degree flight place ensuing in an increase on the pitch angle and perpendicular burden. During the air traffic control ( ATC ) transcript alteration, â€Å"the aircraft maximal climb rate of 41,000 pess was cleared by the ACT. Further transcript analysis revealed that at the maximal ascent rate, the aircraft perpendicular velocity was approximative 500 fpm† ( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007, pp. 14, parity. 1-3 ) . .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .postImageUrl , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:hover , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:visited , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:active { border:0!important; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:active , .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5 .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13da94bf9cd2cab140f70e19a0a0ace5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Inspector Calls Essay SummaryBetween 2152:22 and 2124:36, the cockpit voice recording equipment ( CVR ) indicated the flight crew recognize the aircraft maximal height and the crew decided to go on at 41,000 pess. The CVR besides revealed the ACT concerns at that height. After the 2nd pitch-up manoeuvre, â€Å"the FDR information showed an increase in the angle of onslaught ( AOA ) from 7a? ° to 12a? ° and shortly after to a decrease of -20a? °Ã¢â‚¬  ( National Transportation Safety Board, 2007, pp. 15, parity. 1-5 ) . After the aircraft entered an aerodynamic stall, the FDR and CVR informations recorder the dual engine failure after the unsuccessful recovery from the stall place. About 2201:5 the pilots initiate the subsidiary power unit ( APU ) bleed air restart. Between 2203:09 and 2208:17, the engine failure continued and the crew was forced to fall at a rate of 1,500 pess per minute. About two proceedingss subsequently, the air traffic accountant asked the pilots perform a landing attack to the closest airdrome. The traffic accountant cleared Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 to the closest airdrome, runway 30 at Jefferson Memorial Airport ( JEF ) . At 2214:02, after interchanging the set downing attack information with the air traffic accountant, the crew realized the failed attack. About 2214:53 and 2215:00, the CVR recorded the aircraft concluding attack at.58 maritime stat mis ( NM ) and at an height of 930 pess. Seconds subsequently, the low terrain dismaying sound and six second after the aircraft impacted the land. Brief great sum-up of the accident fortunes in a well-supported organize and logical mode. Primary findings: place the factors lending to the job, accurate inside informations with external beginnings. From a human factor point of view. Aircraft accident study composing and analysis. Accident probe processs and challenges. Critical idea affecting air power safety issues.-p.12 Recommendations1 Clearly province the important of the job and relevant constructs, theories, results prediction that supports immediate actions to decide the job, outside beginnings. Kd ; flkd FAA actions on the recommendations. Primary air power safety issues associated with the accident. Alternate actions ( 2 each-advantage and disad ) : attack to work out the job, ground for alternate advantages and disadvantages and give the cause for contemplation on the consequence of implementing one or the other. K ; deciliter Industry Executions of the Recommendations. Status of the recommendations and what has been done since the accident to forestall return. Reason is clear. Advantages and disadvantages are thought arousing. Answer the inquiry. â€Å"What if we tried something wholly different? † A determination to implement could likely merely be made and strongly defended without permission. Fks ; dfks ; . ( Last Name, Year ) Mentions Last Name, F. M. ( Year ) . Article Title.Journal Title, Pages From To. Last Name, F. M. ( Year ) .Book Title.City Name: Publisher Name. National Transportation Safety Board. F.M. ( January 9, 2007 ) . Crash of Pinnacle Airlines Flight 3701 Bombardier CL-600-2B19, N8396A Jefferson City, Missouri October 14, 2004, p.1. Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2007/AAR0701.pdf Footnotes 1 Tables Table 1 Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Column Head Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Row Head 123 123 123 123 Row Head 456 456 456 456 Row Head 789 789 789 789 Note: Figures Figure 1. For more information about all elements of APA data format, delight confer with the APA Style Manual, 6th Edition.

When To Use Accents and Diacritical Marks in Spanish

When To Use Accents and Diacritical Marks in Spanish The most immediately obvious difference between written Spanish and written English is Spanishs use of written accents, and occasionally of diereses (also known as umlauts). Both of these features are known as diacritical marks. Beginning Spanish students usually learn right away that the main use of the accent is to help with pronunciation, and specifically in telling the speaker which syllable of a word should be stressed. However, accents also have other uses, such as distinguishing between certain homonyms, parts of speech, and indicating a question. The only use of the dieresis is to assist in pronunciation. Here are the basic rules for using the written accent and the dieresis: Stress The rules for determining which syllable should be stressed are quite simple in Spanish. Accents are used to indicate exceptions to the rules. Here are the basic rules: If a word ends in a vowel, the letter s, or the letter n, the stress is on the next to last syllable.In other words without an accent, the stress is on the last syllable. Simply put, if the stress is on a syllable other than that indicated above, an accent is used to indicate where the stress is placed. Following are a few examples, with the approximate pronunciation in phonetic English. Note that a vowel may either gain or lose an accent when a word is put into plural or singular form. See the rules on pluralization for other examples. examen (egg-SAH-men)exmenes (eggs-SAH-men-ess)muà ±Ãƒ ³n (moon-YOHN)muà ±ones (moon-YOHN-ness)cancià ³n (kahn-SEEOHN)canciones (kahn-SEEOHN-ess) Distinguishing Homonyms Homonym pairs are separate words that have different meanings even though they sound alike. Here are some of the most common ones: de, of, from; dà © first- and third-person singular subjunctive form of dar, to give)el, the; à ©l, hemas, but; ms, moremi, my; mà ­, me;se, a reflexive and indirect object pronoun used in various ways; sà ©, I knowsi, if; sà ­, yessolo, only (adjective), single, alone; sà ³lo, only (adverb), solelyte, you (as an object); tà ©, teatu, your; tà º, you Demonstrative Pronouns Although the spelling reform of 2010 means they arent strictly necessary except to avoid confusion, accents also are traditionally used in Spanish on demonstrative pronouns to distinguish them from demonstrative adjectives. Talk about demonstrative parts of speech might sound like a mouthful, so its probably best to remember that in English were simply talking about the words this, that, these and those. In English, those words can be either adjectives or pronouns. In I like this book, this is an adjective; in I like this, this is a pronoun, since it stands for a noun. Here are the same sentences in Spanish: Me gusta este libro, I like this book. Me gusta à ©ste, translated as either I like this or I like this one. Note that when used as a pronoun, à ©ste traditionally has a written accent. In Spanish the demonstrative pronouns in the singular masculine form are à ©ste, à ©se, and aquà ©l, and the corresponding adjectives are este, ese, and aquel. Although distinguishing the meanings of these pronouns goes beyond the scope of this lesson, suffice it to say here that este/à ©ste corresponds roughly to this, while both ese/à ©se and aquel/aquà ©l can be translated as that. Items with which aquel/aquà ©l are used are farther from the speaker. Quiero aquel libro could be translated as I want the book thats over there. The following chart shows the various forms of the demonstrative pronouns (with the traditional accents) and adjectives, including the feminine and plural forms: Quiero este libro, I want this book. Quiero à ©ste, I want this one. Quiero estos libros, I want these books. Quiero à ©stos, I want these ones. Quiero esta camisa, I want this shirt. Quiero à ©sta, I want this one. Quiero estas camisas, I want these shirts. Quiero à ©stas, I want these ones.Quiero ese libro, I want that book. Quiero à ©se, I want that one. Quiero esos libros, I want those books. Quiero à ©sos, I want those ones. Quiero esa camisa, I want that shirt. Quiero à ©sa, I want that one. Quiero esas camisas, I want those shirts. Quiero à ©sas, I want those ones.Quiero aquel libro, I want that book over there. Quiero aquà ©l, I want that one over there. Quiero aquellos libros, I want those books over there. Quiero aquà ©llos, I want those ones over there. Quiero aquellas camisas, I want those shirts over there. Quiero aquà ©llas, I want those ones over there. There are also neuter variations of these pronouns (eso, esto, and aquello), and they are not accented because there are no corresponding neuter adjective forms. Interrogatives: A number of words are accented when they are used in a question (including an indirect question) or exclamation, but they arent otherwise accented. Such words are listed below:  ¿Adà ³nde? Where (to)? ¿Adà ³nde vas? Where are you going? ¿Cà ³mo? How? ¿Cà ³mo ests? How are you? ¿Cul?  ¿Cules? Which one? Which ones? ¿Cul es ms caro? Which one is more expensive? ¿Cundo? When?  ¿Cundo sales? When are you leaving? ¿Cunto?  ¿Cunta?  ¿Cuntos?  ¿Cuntas? How much? How many?  ¿Cuntos pesos cuesta el libro? How many pesos does the book cost? ¿Dà ³nde? Where?  ¿De dà ³nde es usted? Where are you from? ¿Por quà ©? Why?  ¿Por quà © vas? Why are you going? ¿Quà ©? What? Which?  ¿Quà © libro prefieres? What book do you prefer? ¿Quià ©n?  ¿Quienes? Who? Whom?  ¿Quià ©nes quieren mi libro? Who wants my book? Diereses: The dieresis (or umlaut) is used above the u when the u is sounded in the combinations of gà ¼i or gà ¼e. Without the umlaut, known as la dià ©resis or la crema in Spanish, the u would be silent, serving only to indicate that the g is pronounced as a hard g rather than similar to the j. (For example, guey with no umlaut would sound something like gay.) Among the words with umlauts are vergà ¼enza, shame; cigà ¼eà ±a, stork or crank; pingà ¼ino, penguin; and agà ¼ero, prediction.